|
This list of birds of the United States is a comprehensive listing of all the bird species recorded in the United States as of November, 2010. It includes species from all 50 states. The birds of the continental United States most closely resemble those of Eurasia, which was connected to the continent as part of the supercontinent Laurasia until around 60 million years ago. Many groups occur throughout the Northern Hemisphere and worldwide. However some groups unique to the New World have also arisen; those represented in this list are the hummingbirds, the New World vultures, the New World quail, the tyrant flycatchers, the vireos, the mimids, the New World warblers, the tanagers, the cardinals and the icterids. Several common birds in the United States, such as the house sparrow, the rock dove, the European starling and the mute swan are introduced species, meaning that they are not native to this continent but were brought here by humans. Introduced species are marked on this list as (I). There may be species that have individual escapees or small feral populations in North America that are not on this list. This is especially true of birds that are commonly held as pets, such as parrots and finches. The status of one bird on this list, the ivory-billed woodpecker is controversial. Until 2005 this bird was widely considered to be extinct. In April of that year it was reported that at least one adult male bird had been sighted in the Cache River National Wildlife Refuge in Arkansas. This report however, has not been universally accepted and the American Birding Association still lists the ivory-billed woodpecker as extinct. This list is based on a checklist used by the AOU, the list used by most field guides for North American birds. It does not include species from any territories or possessions. __NOTOC__ ==Taxonomy== The taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) used in the accompanying bird lists adhere to the conventions of the AOU's (1998) ''Check-list of North American Birds'', the recognized scientific authority on the taxonomy and nomenclature of North America birds. The AOU's Committee on Classification and Nomenclature, the body responsible for maintaining and updating the ''Check-list'', "strongly and unanimously continues to endorse the biological species concept (BSC), in which species are considered to be genetically cohesive groups of populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups" (AOU 1998). See Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy for an alternative phylogenetic arrangement based on DNA-DNA hybridization. Unless otherwise noted, all species listed below are considered to occur regularly in the United States as permanent residents, summer or winter residents or visitors, or migrants. The following codes are used to designate some species: *(A) Accidental - occurrence based on one or two (rarely more) records and unlikely to occur regularly *(C) Casual - occurrence based on two or a few records, with subsequent records not improbable *(E) Extinct - a recent species that no longer exists *(Ex) Extirpated - a species which no longer occurs in the United States, but other populations still exist elsewhere *(I) Introduced - a species established solely as result of direct or indirect human intervention; synonymous with non-native and non-indigenous This list follows the ABA (American Birding Association) for determination of rarity. The markings (A) and (C) correspond to the ABA birding codes 5 and 4 respectively. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of birds of the United States」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|